At their 76th Annual Meeting, the International Air Transport Association made predictions of a continued difficult 2020, but some upswing in 2021. With the Covid-19 pandemic still causing hardship on the aviation industry, read more on how they came to this conclusion, and what recommendations were made to combat recovery challenges. < Back Civil Aviation The Aviation Industry's 2020 Full-year Forecast and 2021 Outlook -As Detailed in the IATA Annual Meeting Report- By Daisuke Takagi At their 76th Annual Meeting, the International Air Transport Association made predictions of a continued difficult 2020, but some upswing in 2021. With the Covid-19 pandemic still causing hardship on the aviation industry, read more on how they came to this conclusion, and what recommendations were made to combat recovery challenges. Download the Report

JITTI Journal Cultural Article September 2022 Back to All JITTI Journals September 2022 Cultural Article Unique Vending Machines in Japan by Akito Okabe “In Japan, everything comes in a vending machine!” We often hear this opinion from tourists who have come to Japan, and it is true that no other country has vending machines that are as well developed. Living in Japan, it is commonplace to see vending machines not only indoors, such as at train stations or convenience stores, but also along the street. Vending Machines Located Outdoors (by Lordcolus) In terms of the simple number of vending machines, Japan lags behind Europe and the United States, but in terms of the number relative to the population, it is by far the largest, indicating that Japan is a "vending machine superpower.” I would like to introduce a few of them in this article because Japanese vending machines are a rarity for people from overseas, and it is uniquely part of Japanese culture. There are several reasons why vending machines became widely used in Japan. The first instance of expanded usage was in 1964, around the time of the Tokyo Olympics, when Japanese National Railways (JNR) introduced ticket vending machines and a large number of coins were put into circulation. Later, around 1974, "hot and cold machines," which were exclusive to Japan, became widespread, and these machines were popular with consumers. Hot and Cold Machine (Image by: acure) The fact that Japan is a safe country and there was little risk of robbery or vandalism when vending machines were introduced also contributed to their spread. The vending machines also offered significant advantages for sellers, such as higher profit margins, the perk of beverage manufacturers being able to display their products alone, and the ability to conduct market research. However, it is said that the number of vending machines installed in Japan is already saturated. In fact, after peaking at about 5.6 million in 2000, the number has been gradually declining year by year. In order to expand the market for vending machines and increase their value, Japan has been evolving its own vending machine business. Here are some examples unique to Japan. Ramen: (Image Credit: macaroni and DIAMOND SIGNAL) These vending machines sell ramen from famous restaurants in frozen form, allowing you to enjoy delicious ramen in the comfort of your own home Fresh Foods: Image Credit: Hyogo Official Tourism Navigation They don't just sell frozen foods, they also sell fresh foods! The strawberries in the photo are very fresh because they were picked that morning. They are very popular and sell out quickly. Such cases of vending machines selling local specialties are also common in Japan. This article only introduces food, but there are many other vending machines in addition to these. Some sell gold and jewelry, and others allow donations to be made through them. Vending machines can be found in places close to wherever you would be, such as subway stations, so please try using one when you visit Japan! Image Resources: Kyoto_20101020_E100G-Roll-27_28 by Lordcolus is licensed under CC BY 2.0 acure macaroni DIAMOND SIGNAL Hyogo Official Tourism Navigation

Read publications by JITTI USA staff that are outside of their regular reports, including of special projects. SPECIAL REPORTING Latest News June 2024 United States Coast Guard Academy Commencement: A New Era of Leaders in Maritime Security By Daisuke Komatsu Read More (English) (Image Credit: U.S. Coast Guard Academy) February 2024 The Shape of Happiness Through Keisuke Hira i's Lens: When Survivors Smile for the Camera By Daisuke Komatsu Read More (English) Read More (日本語) _

In April 2021, after much discussion and consideration, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency's proposal of unmanned aircraft regulations was finally adopted. In this report, JITTI USA Senior Fellow, Yoshihiro Fujimaki, fully describes the details of these regulations. < Back Civil Aviation Publication of Traffic Management Regulations of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Europe By Yoshihiro Fujimaki In April 2021, after much discussion and consideration, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency's proposal of unmanned aircraft regulations was finally adopted. In this report, JITTI USA Senior Fellow, Yoshihiro Fujimaki, fully describes the details of these regulations. Download the Report

The emergence and spread of the novel coronavirus has greatly affected airports globally. Aviation Analyst, Daisuke Takagi, presents the changes that the disease has caused on airport operations, and the varied responses by airports and the countries they are located in. < Back Civil Aviation The Impact of the Spread of COVID-19 on Airports across the World By Daisuke Takagi The emergence and spread of the novel coronavirus has greatly affected airports globally. Aviation Analyst, Daisuke Takagi, presents the changes that the disease has caused on airport operations, and the varied responses by airports and the countries they are located in. Download the Report

High Speed Rail Seminar in Chicago June 28, 2010 Union League Club of Chicago 65 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, IL Presented by: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan Institution for Transport Policy Studies (ITPS), Japan Japan International Transport Institute (JITI) Council for Global Promotion of Railway, Japan Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) Seminar Program Agenda Seminar Overview In January 2010, President Obama announced an allocation of $8 billion granted as federal funds to help turn the U.S. vision of high speed rail (HSR) into reality. The distributed funds will be used for the development of HSR which has proven to be an effective, energy-efficient way to move large numbers of people quickly over long distances. The goal of this seminar in Chicago is to demonstrate Japan’s 45 years of experience in HSR operation and contribute toward developing HSR network projects in the Midwest region as well as other regions in the U.S. In this half day seminar, leaders in the Japanese transportation field will introduce technology and operational experience about HSR. Topics also include a finance scheme for introducing HSR systems to the U.S. as well as economic benefits derived from HSR, such as job creation and regional development. Opening Remarks Seiji Maehara Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Bio Presentation Ichiro Fujisaki Ambassador of Japan to the United States Bio Satoshi Seino President and CEO, East Japan Railway Company, Deputy Chairman, Council for Global Promotion of Railway Bio Jiro Hanyu Chairman, ITPS Bio Keynote Speeches Governor Patrick Joseph “Pat” Quinn III State of Illinois (Secretary Gary Hannig, Illinois DOT, representing Governor Quinn) Mayor Richard M. Daley City of Chicago (Commissioner Bobby L. Ware, CDOT, representing Mayor Daley) Bio U.S. Congressman Daniel Lipinski Illinois 3rd District Bio State Representative Elaine Nekritz Illinois 57th District Bio Richard Harnish Executive Director, Midwest High Speed Rail Association Bio Presentations Yuki Tanaka Director, International Affairs Office, JITI Bio Presentation Satoshi Seino President and CEO, East Japan Railway Company Presentation Hiromasa Tanaka Senior Advisor, Central Japan Railway Company Bio Presentation Maurice Andriani Senior Manager, Aftermarket and Special Projects, Kawasaki Rail Car, Inc Bio Presentation Yasuhiko Mochizuki President, Nippon Sharyo U.S.A., Inc. Bio Presentation Robert E. Galbraith, II Director, Marketing, Transportation Systems Division, Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc. Bio Presentation Kyle D. Kem Vice President, Toshiba International Corporation Bio Presentation Closing Remarks Makoto Washizu President, JITI Bio Exhibition Panel displays & DVD presentations on Japanese HSR [Railway Operators] East Japan Railway Company Central Japan Railway Company [Manufacturers] Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Nippon Sharyo, Ltd. /Sumitomo Corporation Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Toshiba Corporation Fuji Electric Systems Co., Ltd. Hitachi, Ltd. KYB Corporation Nabtesco Corporation NTN Corporation Sumitomo Metals

This second report in a series on emerging Smart City trends in the West highlights the Hammarby Sjöstad district in Stockholm, Sweden as a case study for exemplary TOD. Read about how their TOD projects have attracted MaaS and helped achieve their environmental goals in urban development. < Back Surface Transportation Survey of Smart City Trends in the West: Transit-oriented Development and Mobility-as-a-Service Part 2: Case Study 1- Stockholm, Sweden By Akito Okabe This second report in a series on emerging Smart City trends in the West highlights the Hammarby Sjöstad district in Stockholm, Sweden as a case study for exemplary TOD. Read about how their TOD projects have attracted MaaS and helped achieve their environmental goals in urban development. Download the Report

Amendment of Japan’s Civil Aeronautics Act in Response to the Haneda Airport Runway Collision Amendment of Japan’s Civil Aeronautics Act in Response to the Haneda Airport Runway Collision by Shinichiro Tsuri 1. Background On May 30, 2025, the Japanese Diet passed a bill to partially amend the Civil Aeronautics Act and other related acts, and the revised Civil Aeronautics Act was promulgated on June 6, 2025. One of the key pillars of the amendments is ensuring aviation safety incorporating lessons learned from the tragic accident at Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport) on January 2, 2024, which involved a fatal runway collision between a Bombardier DHC-8-315 operated by the Japan Coast Guard (JCG) and an Airbus A350-941 operated by Japan Airlines (JAL). While the root causes of the accident remain under investigation by the Japan Transport Safety Board (JTSB), the amendments were proposed in line with the recommendations outlined in the interim report released in June 2024 by the Haneda Airport Aircraft Collision Prevention Measures Review Committee, established by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) following the accident. This article provides an overview of this legal amendment prompted by the incident. JCG’s Aircraft after the Accident (Image Source: JTSB’s Aircraft Accident Investigation Interim Report ) JAL’s Aircraft after the Accident (Image Source: JTSB’s Aircraft Accident Investigation Interim Report ) 2. Overview of the Amendments for Aviation Safety Enhancing Runway Safety Measures at Airports One aspect of the amendments to the Civil Aeronautics Act for aviation safety is enhancement of runway safety. Article 47 was revised to add “measures related preventing runway incursion” to items to be specified in the standards securing the function of aerodrome or air navigation facilities, which their providers must follow. Examples of such measures include the following items, which were mentioned in the recommendations by the Haneda Airport Aircraft Collision Prevention Measures Review Committee. Establish Runway Safety Teams (which consist of aerodrome operators, ATC provider, aircraft operators, ground handling operators) at major airports (New Chitose, Narita, Haneda, Chubu, Osaka, Kansai, Fukuoka and Naha Airports) Ensure proper operation of RunWay Status Lights (RWSL) and other facilities Install location information transmitters on vehicles entering runways Strengthen the safety supervision system for ground handling (aircraft towing/pushback, cargo loading/unloading, refueling, ramp bus and other auxiliary services) operators Function of RWSL (warning aircraft waiting on taxiways of other aircraft taking off or landing) (Image Source: Summary Document of Amendment of the Civil Aeronautics Act ) Mandatory CRM (Crew Resource Management) Training for Pilots Another aspect of the amendments for aviation safety is mandating CRM training for pilots. According to ICAO Circular 217 “Human Factors Digest No. 2 - Flight Crew Training: Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT),” CRM is defined as “the effective use of all available resources, i.e. equipment, procedures and people, to achieve safe and efficient flight operations.” CRM training focuses on skills such as communication/interpersonal skills, situation awareness, problem-solving/decision-making/judgement, leadership/“followership,” stress management and critique. While CRM training had been already mandatory for pilots of air carriers operating airplanes requiring two or more flight crews, the Haneda Airport Aircraft Collision Prevention Measures Review Committee recommended extending CRM training to all pilots, including private pilots, in order to prevent human errors in air traffic control communication. Example Situation of CRM (Image Source: Summary Document of Amendment of the Civil Aeronautics Act ) In accordance with the above recommendation, Article 71-5 was newly added to mandate that all pilots who take off or land at airports in air traffic control zones complete CRM training conducted by a registered training organization. A training organization can be registered by the MLIT when its facilities, equipment, training materials and instructors are found to comply with prescribed requirements. For example, the organization must provide training materials that include scripted scenarios modeled on past incidents such as runway incursions, in which trainees assume the role of the pilot to acquire management skills. The registered training organization must issue a certificate of completion to pilots who have completed their training course, and based on newly added Article 71-6, they must carry this certificate when taking off or landing at airports in air traffic control zones, except as otherwise provided. Article 71-5 and 71-6 will become applicable within three years after promulgation. 3. Conclusion While the 2025 amendment to Civil Aeronautics Act is a cornerstone for enhancing aviation safety, it will also be essential to establish subordinate legislation and to ensure effective implementation within the legal framework. I hope that the entire aviation industry will fully learn from the lessons of the accident at Haneda Airport and work actively to further improve safety. References JTSB, (Aircraft Accident Investigation Interim Report) Japan Coast Guard Bombardier DHC-8-315, JA722A and Japan Airlines Co., Ltd Airbus A350-941, JA13XJ https://jtsb.mlit.go.jp/eng-air_report/interim20241225-JA722A_JA13XJ.pdf MLIT, Haneda Airport Aircraft Collision Prevention Measures Review Committee https://www.mlit.go.jp/koku/koku_tk13_000045.html MLIT, Cabinet Decision of the “The Bill to Partially Amend the Civil Aeronautics Act and Other Related Acts” ~ Ensuring Aviation Safety and Promoting the Early Restoration of Disaster-Affected Airports ~ https://www.mlit.go.jp/report/press/kouku01_hh_000134.html Japanese Law Translation, The Bill to Partially Amend the Civil Aeronautics Act and Other Related Acts https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/outline/160/905R719.pdf Cabinet Office, Act to Partially Amend the Civil Aeronautics Act and Other Related Acts https://www.kanpo.go.jp/20250606/20250606g00125/20250606g001250009f.html Back to All JITTI Journals July 2025 Feature Article

JITI 2012 Airport Seminar Maximizing the Potential of Multiple Airports in a Region February 1, 2012 The St. Regis Washington, D.C. 923 16th and K Streets, N.W., Washington, DC It is good time to discuss how we can maximize the potential of multiple airports in the region surrounding them, beyond just ‘winners’ and ‘losers’. Airports are essential infrastructure. They work not only as gateways for airline flights and tourists, but also as engines for the regional economy, attracting people and investment, and boosting employment. However, not all airports are fulfilling their potential, which may cause an adverse effect on regions. This is partly because airlines are restructuring or cutting back their flights due to the economic sluggishness and uncertainty. Also, it is partly because competition among multiple airports in a metropolitan area may result in the concentration of flights to a specific airport. Some airports have lost their position as hub airports, decreasing flights and passengers, while others have increased them. It may not be an exaggeration that only strong airports can survive. Therefore, let us find the optimum solutions for each airport as well as the regions. We will focus on examples from New York in the United States, and Tokyo and Osaka in Japan, in addition to reviewing the overall situation of US airports. Opening Remarks Makoto Washizu President JITI USA Bio Keynote Speeches Masahiko Kurono Chairman, Institution for Transport Policy Studies, (Former President & CEO, Narita International Airport Corporation) Bio Presentation Satoshi Iwamura Chairman of the Board, Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd Bio Presentation Ralph F. Tragale Assistant Director, Public Affairs, Aviation Department, The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Bio Presentation Greg Principato President, Airports Council International - North America Bio Panel Discussion Glenn P. Wicks (Moderator) Managing Director, The Wicks Group, PLLC Bio

JITI 2015 Aviation Seminar Future Challenges of Open Skies Agreements October 9th, 2015 The Willard InterContinental Washington 1401 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. Since its creation over 20 years ago, U.S. Open Skies policy has spread throughout Europe and Asia. As the United States has reached Open Skies agreements (OSAs) with over 114 nations from around the world, it can be said that the greater part of global aviation market has liberalized today. Because of such this widespread liberalization, international carriers have expanded both their markets and flight frequency, meaning lower fares. Moreover, alliance formation has led to closer cooperation among carriers, and their strategic global network planning is progressing. On the other hand, due to stronger cooperation among the carriers, issues with OSAs have increasingly emerged, such as oligopolies in some markets and intensification of competition among traditional alliances – in part thanks to newcomers outside of the alliances. JITI invited airline representatives from around the world to discuss issues and current network expansion circumstances in the global aviation market and the propriety of future growth of OSA liberalization. Opening Remarks Makoto Washizu President JITI USA Bio Keynote Speeches Hideki Kunugi Senior Vice President, The Americas, General Manager, New York, All Nippon Airways (ANA) Bio Presentation Michael Wascom Managing Director, Government & International Affairs, American Airlines Bio Presentation James Hnat Executive Vice President, Corporate Affairs, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, JetBlue Airways Bio Presentation Nancy Sparks Managing Director, Regulatory Affairs, FedEx Bio Panel Discussion Greg Walden Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP Bio Tadashi Matsushita Director of Strategic Planning, The Americas, ANA Bio

JITI 2018 Automated Vehicles Seminar Development of Automated Vehicles within the Current Legal Framework February 28, 2018 The St. Regis Washington DC 923 16th St NW, Washington, DC Automated driving has caught the attention of Congress. The House of Representatives passed the “SELF DRIVE Act” in September 2017, and the Senate Commerce Committee advanced the “AV START Act” in October. Both of these would significantly increase the number of vehicles that can be exempted from the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and encourage developers of highly automated vehicles to provide specific information on the safety of their vehicles. These bills are early steps to calibrate regulation of automated vehicles. The bills have received broad bipartisan support—but also important criticism. Anticipation for highly automated vehicles has also been high in Japan. In view of the expected arrival of the automated & connected driving society in 2025, the Japanese government set a goal to commercialize highly automated and connected vehicles (Level 3 and above) and include them in the services market by 2020. Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2017 was released last year, laying out scenarios up to the year 2025 for realizing highly automated and connected driving and focusing on preparing the regulatory system with a view to strengthening and commercializing the technologies. Based on the Initiative/Roadmaps 2017, the Japanese government is going to develop a fundamental policy for reviewing related laws by the spring of 2018. Moreover, various verification experiments and pilot projects are being conducted with a view toward societal implementation, and international cooperation and coordination have led to an effort to establish international technical standards at UN WP.29. With this rapidly changing and highly focused legal and regulatory background in relation to automated vehicles, JITI USA ivinted experts on the subject, from both Japan and the U.S., to discuss the progress so far (especially milestones accomplished), as well as the future path toward automated vehicles. Opening Remarks Makoto Washizu President , JITI USA Bio Keynote Speeches David Strickland Counsel and Spokesperson for Self-Driving Coalition for Safer Streets (Former Administrator for NHTSA, DOT) Bio Takao Onoda Director General, Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center (JASIC) Bio Presentation Bernard Soriano Deputy Director, California Department of Motor Vehicles Bio Presentation Hilary Cain Director, Technology and Innovation Policy, Government Affairs, Toyota Bio Panel Discussion Bryant Walker Smith (moderator) Assistant Professor, School of Law, University of South Carolina Bio

JITTI USA Civil Aviation Symposium 2025 Civil Aviation Symposium 2025 The Future of Aviation Connectivity Powered by Japan-US-ASEAN Collaboration Wednesday, March 26th 3:00- 6:00 PM (Followed by a Reception) A Free Hybrid Event: Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004 / Virtually hosted in English and Japanese An Official Participating Event of the 2025 National Cherry Blossom Festival Timetable Directions to Venue Survey Overview The 2019 Civil Aviation Symposium (held in Washington, DC, and Tokyo) discussed the future outlook of international aviation in the Asia-Pacific region against the backdrop of an expanding aviation market supporting economic growth, including enhancements to airport functions in the Tokyo metropolitan area, the expansion of long-haul direct flights from the United States to Asia, and the rise of low-cost carriers (LCCs) in Southeast Asia. However, the COVID-19 pandemic subsequently brought severe restrictions globally on people-to-people exchanges. Additionally, international dynamics have shifted with events such as Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the expanding military and economic influence of China. These developments have further increased the uncertainty surrounding the aviation industry. Against this backdrop, the 2023 Civil Aviation Symposium (held in Washington, DC) focused on addressing the urgent and critical issue of climate change, with discussions centered on achieving aviation sustainability. The current situation is as follows: Aviation demand is not only recovering but has already surpassed pre-pandemic levels in many regions, with the Asia-Pacific expected to fully return to pre-pandemic levels soon. Amid heightened geopolitical tensions, strengthening aviation connectivity in the Asia-Pacific region is not only essential for supporting regional stability and economic prosperity but is also a critically important issue for economic security, ensuring sustainable growth and stability in the international community. Following the pandemic, with ongoing constraints on flights between the two biggest nations across the Pacific, Japan has reinforced its role as a key hub connecting ASEAN and the U.S. In the Asia-Pacific region, addressing the growing aviation demand necessitates urgent improvements to airport infrastructure and enhancements in air traffic control capacity. Additionally, both Japan and the United States face challenges in avoiding constraints on air traffic control capacity caused by increasing air traffic volume and addressing aviation-related human resource shortages. Furthermore, efforts to ensure sustainability, such as reducing environmental impact, have become crucial. In light of these considerations, the upcoming 2025 Civil Aviation Symposium will focus on strengthening aviation networks in the Asia-Pacific region as its central theme. The event will bring together government officials from Japan and the United States, representatives from airlines and airport operators, as well as a representative from an ASEAN country to discuss specific measures for cooperative efforts between Japan, the United States, and ASEAN nations to address these critical challenges. UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that this symposium covers: Opening Remarks Masafumi Shukuri Chairman, Japan International Transport and Tourism Institute, USA (JITTI) Chairman, Japan Transport and Tourism Research Institute (JTTRI) Bio Greetings by Guest of Honor Shigeo Yamada Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan to the United States of America Bio Keynote Speeches Heidi Gómez Deputy Assistant Secretary for Transportation Affairs, U.S. Department of State Bio Rieko Nakayama Assistant Vice-Minister for International Aviation, Minister’s Secretariat, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan (MLIT) Bio Presentation Cindy Baraban Deputy Assistant Secretary for Aviation and International Affairs, U.S. Department of Transportation Bio Panel Discussion # 1 Enhancing Aviation Networks in the Asia-Pacific Region Panelists Cindy Baraban Deputy Assistant Secretary for Aviation and International Affairs, U.S. Department of Transportation Bio Akihiko Tamura President & CEO, Narita International Airport Corporation Bio Presentation Stephen Morrissey Vice President of International Regulatory Affairs and Policy, United Airlines Bio Yuji Koyama Executive Officer & Senior Vice President of Corporate Strategy & Planning, Japan Airlines Bio Presentation Moderator Naveen C. Rao Principal, H4 Advisors LLC Bio Panel Discussion #2 Addressing the Challenges of Aviation Network Expansion in the Asia-Pacific Region Panelists Yap Ong Heng Senior Advisor, Republic of Singapore's Ministry of Transport (MOT) Bio Rieko Nakayama Assistant Vice-Minister for International Aviation, Minister’s Secretariat, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan (MLIT) Bio Ronce Almond Managing Director of International Government Affairs, American Airlines Bio Presentation Tadashi Matsushita Executive Vice President, Industrial & Governmental Relations, GX, All Nippon Airways Bio Presentation Bob Letteney Vice President of International Government Affairs & Policy, Delta Air Lines Bio Moderator Naveen C. Rao Principal, H4 Advisors LLC Bio