When looking at Mobility on Demand in the United States, what better place to start than New York City? This largest market for MOD in the U.S. has had it's fair share of interest by train operators, bike share companies, smartphone app designers and more, as public transportation users look for more convenient and practical ways to make their commute. < Back Surface Transportation Mobility on Demand Trends in the United States ~A Case Study of New York, Part 1~ By Daisuke Miyamoto When looking at Mobility on Demand in the United States, what better place to start than New York City? This largest market for MOD in the U.S. has had it's fair share of interest by train operators, bike share companies, smartphone app designers and more, as public transportation users look for more convenient and practical ways to make their commute. Download the Report

JITTI Journal Cultural Article January 2026 Back to All JITTI Journals January 2026 Cultural Article Yuki Matsuri By Suzannah Nevas For many of us in the northern hemisphere, this is a cold and snowy time of year. What if you didn’t fight it, but instead leaned into all the wonders that ice and snow can uniquely provide? This year marks the 76th annual Yuki Matsuri, or Snow Festival, in Sapporo, Hokkaido. This spectacular seven day festival runs from February 4 – 11, and spreads out across three main venues. Yuki Matsuri is most famous for its iconic snow and ice sculptures (of which there are usually over 400!), some as tall as 30-50 feet high! The event also features many wintery activities and attractions including s ledding, snow rafting, snow mazes, skating, snow cornhole, ice slides, indoor and outdoor markets with gourmet food, an ice bar, and numerous photo ops! History of the Snow Festival The first Yuki Matsuri was held in Sapporo on February 18th in 1950. It was actually started by a group of industrious junior high and high school students who planned snow-themed activities and erected 6 snow statues in Odori Park. Their efforts attracted over 50,000 tourists, and for the last 75 years, the event has only continued to grow in scale and popularity. Here are a few highlights from the last 75 years: 1950 - The first festival, organized by local students, featuring an ice carnival, snowball capture the flag, and 6 snow sculptures. 1955 - The students and ordinary citizens who constructed the snow sculptures were joined by the Japanese Self-Defense Forces, who began adding very large snow sculptures to the festival. 1959 - The event became televised nation-wide. 1965 - The event expanded to add a second venue and the Citizen’s Snow Sculpture Competition was added. 1974 - The International Snow Sculpture Contest was added. 1983 - The event expanded to add a third venue. 1987 - The event was extended to seven days. 1996 - The internet was used to solicit snow sculpture designs from students across the world. 2005 - Several changes were made to try and mitigate overcrowding and long lines 2019 - Attendance reached an all-time high of 2,737,000 visitors 2021 - The event was held online due to the world-wide COVID-19 Pandemic. The 75-year history of the festival also includes countless stories of incredible feats to overcome the challenges of insufficient snowfall and melting sculptures. Snow sculptures vary in size, with some being multiple stories tall Snow & Ice Sculptures The most awe-inspiring part of Yuki Matsuri is the incredible ingenuity and artistry of the snow and ice sculptures. There are several ginormous snow scenes & structures- often with extremely intricate detail and precision that are illuminated with lights and projected images. The International Snow Sculpture Contest features 10 competing teams of professionals from around the world. As part of the festival, you can watch these masterpieces being created live at the venue from February 4th to February 6th. The Citizen’s Snow Sculpture event is just what it sounds like- ordinary citizens enter a lottery to compete for the “Most Popular” sculpture voted by the festival’s visitors. There are also exquisite ice sculptures- some with fish frozen into them! How to Prepare Reserve your hotel - While there is no admission fee to join the event, accommodations do fill up, so it’s best to plan ahead and secure your lodging. Pack appropriately- The average temperature in Sapporo in February is typically between 20 ° - 30 ° F. While the main attractions are mostly outdoors, you will frequently want to pop into cute shops and restaurants to warm up, so remember to bundle up and wear layers that can easily be taken off and put back on! Bring a portable phone charger- The cold can drain your phone battery more quickly and you’ll want to use your phone to take many pictures of the incredible sights! Sources https://www.snowfes.com/ https://www.sapporo.travel/en/event/event-list/sapporo_snow_festival/ https://ssf-css.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapporo_Snow_Festival

Regional Revitalization Centered on Airports: Initiatives at Japanese Airports < Back

MaaS in Urban Tokyo by Daisuke Miyamoto MaaS in Urban Tokyo by Daisuke Miyamoto 1. What is MaaS? (1) "Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is the integration of various forms of transport services into a single mobility service accessible on demand. To meet a customer’s request, a MaaS operator facilitates a diverse menu of transport options, be they public transport, ride-, car- or bike-sharing, taxi or car rental/lease, or a combination thereof. For the user, MaaS can offer added value through use of a single application to provide access to mobility , with a single payment channel instead of multiple ticketing and payment operations. For its users, MaaS should be the best value proposition , by helping them meet their mobility needs and solve the inconvenient parts of individual journeys as well as the entire system of mobility services.” 2. What has the concept of MaaS done?  While the MaaS concept has affected every transportation industry throughout the world, at the same time, Daimler, who is the one of car leading companies in the world, revealed their “CASE” concept at the 2016 Paris Motor Show. CASE stands for the fields of networking (Connected), autonomous driving (Autonomous), flexible use (Shared & Services) and electric drive systems (Electric) (2) , and will impact the car industry as well. It is said that both innovations will cause a great mobility revolution that is only seen once every 100 years since cars were first developed. Because both concepts help reduce the ownership of cars, curtail carbon dioxide emissions, encourage the use of public transportation and minimize congestion, many countries and companies have been studying MaaS and CASE in order to enlist these concepts. 3. MaaS in Japan (3) The Japanese government has studied MaaS as well to ride the wave of its increasing popularity, and found that when MaaS is simulated in their future investment strategies, it helps the surrounding communities to achieve a high quality of life and mobilizes society by driving up the potential demand for going out. However, because there are many types of cities in Japan, and each one has several types of transportation options, it has been difficult to directly apply a single concept to every city. They have had to consider and develop a way for MaaS to be suitable for Japan, or one might say that they created a Japanese MaaS. Finally, the Japanese government has found that there are 5 suitable types of MaaS in Japan, as follows: a. Metropolis b. Suburb c. Regional city d. Rural area e. Tourism These MaaS types have different goals, but the Japanese government believes that MaaS will be one of the better solutions for an aging society and expanding urbanization. 4. One MaaS Case Study in Tokyo Tokyo Metro, one of the leading subway operators in the world, has recently launched their MaaS project (4) . They called their Metropolis MaaS project “My! Tokyo MaaS." Tokyo Metro has 179 stations, 7.55 million passengers, and a 195.0 km rail network in Tokyo, so they have earned the position to be able to develop a Metropolis type of MaaS. They emphasize 3 concepts in order to add value to their rail network and service, as follows: a. Personalized trip planning and added value Passengers can get easier access to information for their destination, like routes to elevators in stations and paths to take to avoid getting wet when it’s raining. b. Real-time train operation information Passengers can, of course, get real-time transit operation information and train location information, but can also moreover get suggestions of detours in the case of an accident. c. A more precise network Tokyo Metro will work together with other mobility operators to enable passengers to easily access various mobility modes. I believe that this project will assist not only commuters around urban Tokyo, but also foreign visitors. We are in severe times with COVID-19, but I believe that we can overcome it and enjoy travel again someday, of course with “My! Tokyo MaaS.” Fig. Concept image of my! Tokyo MaaS References: https://maas-alliance.eu/homepage/what-is-maas/ https://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko/CASE-Networked-strategy.xhtml?oid=29182599#:~:text=CASE%20%E2%80%93%20these%20letters%20are%20shaping,corporate%20strategy%20of%20Daimler%20AG . https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001287842.pdf https://www.tokyometro.jp/news/images_h/metroNews20200325_34.pdf Back to All JITTI Journals July 2020 Feature Article

JITI 2012 Airport Seminar Maximizing the Potential of Multiple Airports in a Region February 1, 2012 The St. Regis Washington, D.C. 923 16th and K Streets, N.W., Washington, DC It is good time to discuss how we can maximize the potential of multiple airports in the region surrounding them, beyond just ‘winners’ and ‘losers’. Airports are essential infrastructure. They work not only as gateways for airline flights and tourists, but also as engines for the regional economy, attracting people and investment, and boosting employment. However, not all airports are fulfilling their potential, which may cause an adverse effect on regions. This is partly because airlines are restructuring or cutting back their flights due to the economic sluggishness and uncertainty. Also, it is partly because competition among multiple airports in a metropolitan area may result in the concentration of flights to a specific airport. Some airports have lost their position as hub airports, decreasing flights and passengers, while others have increased them. It may not be an exaggeration that only strong airports can survive. Therefore, let us find the optimum solutions for each airport as well as the regions. We will focus on examples from New York in the United States, and Tokyo and Osaka in Japan, in addition to reviewing the overall situation of US airports. Opening Remarks Makoto Washizu President JITI USA Bio Keynote Speeches Masahiko Kurono Chairman, Institution for Transport Policy Studies, (Former President & CEO, Narita International Airport Corporation) Bio Presentation Satoshi Iwamura Chairman of the Board, Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd Bio Presentation Ralph F. Tragale Assistant Director, Public Affairs, Aviation Department, The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Bio Presentation Greg Principato President, Airports Council International - North America Bio Panel Discussion Glenn P. Wicks (Moderator) Managing Director, The Wicks Group, PLLC Bio

Foreign Cruise Passengers in Japan Foreign Cruise Passengers in Japan  by Daisuke Takagi 1. INTRODUCTION  In recent years, the number of foreign tourists visiting Japan has rapidly increased. While most of these foreign tourists come to Japan by air travel, the number of tourists visiting Japan by cruise is increasing. This article introduces the trends of foreign tourists enjoying cruise trips in Japan. 2. THE NUMBER OF FOREIGN CRUISE PASSENGERS VISITING JAPAN The number of foreign passengers entering Japan by cruise ship was 2.153 million in 2019 (down 12.2% from the previous year). This is because the number of cruise passengers from China, which account for about 80% of cruise passengers visiting Japan, decreased to 1.74 million (down 14.5%). The Chinese cruise market has entered a phase of adjustment after a huge expansion from 2018, and the number of cruise passengers visiting China from Japan is expected to decrease due to a decline in the number of cruise ships dispatched to the Chinese market in 2019. By origin, the number of cruise passengers visiting Japan from central China, mainly from Shanghai, dropped sharply to 904,000 (down 32.4%), while those from northern China such as Tianjin came to 441,000 (down 17.6%). 395 million passengers visited from Hong Kong and other southern Chinese cities (up 21.9%), and 288,000 cruise passengers came from Taiwan (up 4.7%), both up from 2018. In addition, the number of foreign cruise passengers that embarked on Japanese ships in Japan has increased to 89,000 (up 20.3%) due to “fly and cruise operations” and the progression of the diversification of foreign cruise passengers. Fly and Cruise initiatives, which package flight and cruise plans for easy booking, have increased in popularity and use by foreign passengers boarding Japanese cruise ships (image does not reflect actual spacing between aircraft and cruise ship) 3. THE NUMBER OF CRUISE SHIP CALLS The total number of cruise ship calls to Japanese ports in 2019 decreased 2.2% from the year before to 2,867 times (1,932 foreign shipping companies and 935 Japanese shipping companies). The most calls by port are: 1st place: Naha Port, 260 times (2nd place last year: 243 times); 2nd place: Hakata Port, 229 times (1st place last year: 279 times); 3rd place: Yokohama Port, 188 times (4th place last year: 168 times). The following paragraphs explain the number of cruise ship calls operated by foreign shipping companies and Japanese shipping companies respectively. (1) Cruise ships operated by foreign shipping companies The number of calls at Japan’s ports by cruise ships operated by foreign shipping companies increased last year by 1.0% from 2018 to 1,932 times. By origin, the number of cruises departing from China was 893 times, down 10.6%, and the number of cruises departing from Taiwan was 241 times, down 2.4% from the previous year. Meanwhile the number of cruises departing from Japan increased by 20.0% in 2019 to 707 times. In terms of landings, ports to call in Kyushu have decreased, while port calls at domestic areas other than Kyushu increased. The most active ports are: 1st place: Naha Port, 251 times (2nd place last year: 236 times); 2nd place: Hakata Port, 205 times (1st place last year: 263 times); 3rd place: Nagasaki Port, 178 times (3rd place last year: 215 times). As described above, the adjustment phase of the Chinese cruise market continued in 2019, and as a result of each shipping company decreasing the number of vessels dispatched to the Chinese market, the number of calls for cruise ships departing from China decreased mainly in Kyushu. On the other hand, the number of foreign cruise ships that carry out cruises to and from Japan, mainly for Japanese and Western customers (who fly into Japan to board a cruise) has increased. As a result, the number of port calls at Japan ports other than Kyushu has been increasing, and ports to call have been diversified. In addition, comparatively speaking, for cruise ships that called by price range, defined as (1) luxury ships (over US $ 400 per person per night), (2) premium ships (over US $ 200), and (3) standard ships (over US $ 70), calls by luxury ships, mainly wealthy customers from the United States and Europe, have particularly increased at ports throughout the country. (2) Cruise ships operated by Japanese shipping companies The number of calls at Japan’s ports by cruise ships operated by Japanese shipping companies decreased 8.1% in 2019 to 935 times.  The calls by port are: 1st place: Yokohama Port, 101 times (2nd place last year: 98 times); 2nd place: Bella Vista Marina, 100 times (1st place last year: 122 times); 3rd place: Kobe Port, 68 times (3rd place last year: 70 times). This was due to a change in the frequency of calls for cruise ships traveling around the Seto Inland Sea, mainly at Bella Vista Marina. Luxury cruises, with wealthy passengers from the United States and Europe, have been increasingly called at ports in Japan 4. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE The number of foreign cruise passengers visiting Japan by month showed an increase in November 2019 for the first time in 17 months. Due to the rapidly changing nature of world events, it is hard to predict what the future holds. However, earlier this year each shipping company had plans to launch additional large cruise ships into the Chinese market after 2020. They hoped that the market would expand from 2020 onward, with increasing cruise travel to and from Japan. As the outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is likely to affect the cruise market worldwide, including in Japan, the market must be monitored closely. Back to All JITTI Journals March 2020 Feature Article

High Speed Rail Forum - California Sharing 50 Years Experience of the Shinkansen April 30, 2015 The Fairmont San Francisco 950 Mason St, San Francisco, CA HOSTED BY: The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan (MLIT) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (MOFA) Japan Railway Technical Service (JARTS) Japan International Transport Institute (JITI) High Speed Rail (HSR) has attracted worldwide attention as an environmentally friendly mass transportation system. HSR projects have been planned or carried out in many countries, including the United States of America. The purpose of this seminar is to demonstrate how Japan's 50 years of experience in HSR operations can contribute to the development of HSR projects in the USA, and also to enhance partnerships in the railway field between the USA and Japan. In this seminar, leaders in the field of transportation from Japan will introduce operational experiences and measures related to safety about HSR. The topics of the seminar will also cover social and economic benefits derived from the HSR, such as regional development. Attendees Included: Shinzo Abe Opening Remarks Keisuke Suzuki Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Government of Japan Bio Keynote Speech Dan Richard Chairman of the Board of California High Speed Rail Authority, California Government Bio Presentations Kozo Fujita Director General, Railway Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism "High Speed Rail & Shinkansen" Bio Presentation Bio Presentation Bio Presentation Rod Diridon, Sr. Emeritus Executive Director of the Mineta Transportation Institute "The Necessity of High Speed Rail in the United States of America" Masaki Ogata Vice Chairman of East Japan Railway Company "Features and Crucial Concepts of HSR" SUPPORTED BY:

This paper analyzes the evolution of the U.S. Coast Guard's Arctic policy, based on two key policy documents, providing an overview of the historical context and current state of U.S. Arctic policy. Furthermore, it elaborates on the specifics and consistency of the U.S. Coast Guard's Arctic policy implementation plan and insights into future directions. Through this analysis, we aim to deepen understanding of the strategic challenges faced by the U.S. Coast Guard in the Arctic and its role in ensuring a sustainable future for the region. < Back Maritime Transportation February 2024 Polar Command: The Evolution of Arctic Policy in the United States Coast Guard By Daisuke Komatsu This paper analyzes the evolution of the U.S. Coast Guard's Arctic policy, based on two key policy documents, providing an overview of the historical context and current state of U.S. Arctic policy. Furthermore, it elaborates on the specifics and consistency of the U.S. Coast Guard's Arctic policy implementation plan and insights into future directions. Through this analysis, we aim to deepen understanding of the strategic challenges faced by the U.S. Coast Guard in the Arctic and its role in ensuring a sustainable future for the region. Download the Report

The first half of 2020 was some of the most difficult times seen in the travel industry, dwarfing the 2009 financial crisis in loss of revenue. With the entire world affected, looking at the nuance between regions of the world may add some clarity to how the course of the coronavirus has impacted tourism and travel on a global scale. < Back Tourism & More Travel Trends of International Tourism in the First Half of 2020 According to the UNWTO’s World Tourism Barometer By Daisuke Takagi The first half of 2020 was some of the most difficult times seen in the travel industry, dwarfing the 2009 financial crisis in loss of revenue. With the entire world affected, looking at the nuance between regions of the world may add some clarity to how the course of the coronavirus has impacted tourism and travel on a global scale. Download the Report

Improving and Strengthening the Transport Safety Management System Improving and Strengthening the Transport Safety Management System by Hiroki Sakamoto Ensuring safety is a central and fundamental issue in the public transportation sector. When an accident occurs, it not only can cause significant damage, but it can also have an enormous impact on society. Therefore various measures are being undertaken to prevent accidents from occurring. In October 2006, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan introduced the 'Transport Safety Management System' in the wake of frequently occurring accidents and other incidents in various transportation sectors, such as railway, automobile, shipping, and airlines. These incidents were primarily those which were caused by human error. This policy aims to build and strengthen the safety management system, which will be united with the MLIT organization, under the proactive involvement of the top management executive in transport operation. MLIT conducts Transport Safety Management Evaluations, through checks and advice, which is intended to continuously improve the safety management system by using the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) cycle. In FY2016, 932 transport operators (59 railways, 640 automobiles, 223 shipping and 10 airlines) were subject to Transport Safety Management Evaluation. The outline of the Transport Safety Management System is as follows (Figure 1). Based on lessons learned from past serious accidents in the transportation field, it is important for each transport operator to spiral upward (with an awareness of the PDCA cycle) using company-wide efforts toward safety, and the establishment of a safety management system under the leadership of the top management executives. For this reason, business laws related to land, marine, and air transport were amended (promulgated in March 2006) and the Transport Safety Management System was introduced. Under this legislation, transport operators are required to appoint a Chief Safety Management Officer (executive class), set out safety management rules, and promote the improvement and establishment of safety management systems through the leadership of top management. Also, preventive safety-type support systems were implemented through interviews and other measures directed at the transport operators' management division, including their top management executives. (Figure 1) The outline of the Transport Safety Management System Transport Safety Management Evaluation teams, belonging to the MLIT and District Transport Bureau, visit transport operators' headquarters to conduct the Transport Safety Management Evaluation on the operators' Top Management and Chief Safety Management Officer (Figure 2). (Figure 2) Transport Safety Management Evaluation on Top Management The team conducts a positive evaluation and provides advice, to help promote continuous improvements, based on items from the guidelines to the system, some of which are as follows (and in Figure 3). Formulate and promulgate safety policies Formulate and review priority safety measures Ensure communication Collect and use information on accidents and near-miss events Implement education and training Conduct internal audits, etc. (14 items) (Figure 3) Evaluation Chart of Transport Safety Management Evaluation In FY2016, MLIT hosted transport safety management seminars for transport operators in order to deepen understanding of this system, and these seminars were attended by 3,789 people. In FY2015, 7,043 people attended seminars, as part of an accredited seminar program that was established in 2013 for the purpose of further disseminating and shedding light on this system to small and medium-sized transport operators (programs through which transport safety management seminars organized by private-sector organizations are accredited by the MLIT). October 2016 was designated as the "10 Years of Strengthening Transport Safety Management Month" to mark the 10 years that had passed since the system was introduced. Evaluations by MLIT had been conducted on approx. 7,500 transport operators over the past 10 years at that point, which contributed greatly to the improvement of their safety. MLIT carried out initiatives to further spread and instill the system, including holding discussions about how the system should work in the future, such as the "2016 Symposium on Safety in the Transport Business: Review of the 10 Years since the Introduction of the Transport Safety Management System and Directions for the Next 10 Years," and the "Transport Safety Management 10th Anniversary Seminar." Moreover, the system's effects and issues were reviewed and discussions were held by the Transport Council's Task Force on Ensuring Transport Safety, in order to study the future evolution of the system. Based on the report from the Council, MLIT revised the fundamental policy to implement the Transport Safety Management System in 2017. The main revisions were: prioritizing the Transport Safety Management Evaluation on chartered bus operators, promoting the development of safety management of small to medium-sized transport operators, and strengthening support for Chief Safety Management Officers of transport operators. Furthermore, it promoted support for transport operators to cope with the emerging challenges in recent transport sectors such as the shortages of drivers in transport industries, deteriorated transport infrastructures, serious damage to transport facilities from natural disasters and terrorist attacks as well as other issues and challenges. Strengthening safety measures is the top priority in all transport modes, and continuous and effective efforts by both the private and public sectors through the Transport Safety Management System are keys to establish safe and secure public transport systems. Back to All JITTI Journals May 2018 Feature Article

JITTI Journal Cultural Article September 2018 Back to All JITTI Journals September 2018 Cultural Article Takarazuka Revue : A Staple of Japanese Culture That is Known to Those in the Know by Shunataro Okimoto Do you know Kabuki? It is one of the most famous traditional performances in Japan. It began around 1500 AD. Accompanied by the sound of shamisen, fierce romances and fights between samurai are performed powerfully. Both male and female characters appear in the play, but all the parts are performed by male actors. Male actors who play women wear beautiful kimono, disguise themselves in makeup, and move and gesture in a feminine manner so that everyone can see them as women. There is a new theater, Kabuki-za, in Ginza, Tokyo that is dedicated to the art of Kabuki, so I recommend you go see a show there once if you have never visited. I would like to introduce Takarazuka Revue at this time, which shares similar aspects of Japanese culture with Kabuki. Takarazuka Revue began about 100 years ago in Takarazuka City, which is located north of Osaka in Hyogo Prefecture. Although it is a newer type of performance than Kabuki, it was founded before the Second World War. A typical performance is three hours long and split into two parts. The first part is a theatrical play. Original romantic love stories or musicals that are popular worldwide are performed. Many of these works come from the United States, "Gone with the Wind" and "West Sid Story" being popular examples. The second part is a show. There are Japanese-style performances such as Japanese dances with all the actors wearing kimono, but other art forms from foreign countries are also performed. The biggest feature of the Takarazuka Revue is that it is all performed by female actors, compared to Kabuki with its all-male cast. Women play the roles of male characters, but because they are portraying masculine movements such as in the ways men stand, walk, and sit, their movements are more masculine than real men. Fans of Takarazuka say that "they are cooler than real men." I think I might agree! Also, another draw for audience members are the vibrant costumes and the theater itself, which is very beautiful. Do you think Japanese people only like things that reflect a spirit of Zen or just prefer simplicity? Well, these Takarazuka performers are dancing energetically, wearing colorful feather costumes in the form of peacocks on a stage where the electric decorations shine. Unfortunately, I cannot post images to show this due to copyright, but please look at the following official English website. I'm sure you will be surprised at the world that exists there. Takarazuka Revue English Website Link I have been fascinated by Takarazuka Revue for a long time. After watching it on a television broadcast about twenty years ago, I became enthusiastic about it. I love the unique atmosphere created by about 70 actors on stage and 2,500 spectators. I lived next to the theater for two years in 2013 and 2014. It was a wonderful two years living alongside the world of Takarazuka Revue. If you want to experience this complex attraction, please go and witness a performance for yourself at least once. The Takarazuka Revue has performed around the world, for example in New York, Honolulu, and London, but recently many of the performances occur throughout Asia due to an increased number of Asian fans. Those in the United States may find it easiest to see a show in Japan. There are two theaters in Tokyo and Takarazuka, and you can buy tickets on the Revue's English website. The theater before a performance ( Takarazuka Grand Theater15s5s2880 by 663highland is licensed under CC BY 2.5 ) Takarazuka Revue's gorgeous stage ( Takarazuka Revue by calltheambulance is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 )

The Greater Washington D.C. region has a history of Transit-Oriented Development, and there is continued interest in the region to expand walkability to areas around stations. < Back Surface Transportation Survey of Smart City Trends in the West: Transit-oriented Development and Mobility-as-a-Service Part 4: Case Study – Washington DC (1) By Akito Okabe The Greater Washington D.C. region has a history of Transit-Oriented Development, and there is continued interest in the region to expand walkability to areas around stations. Download the Report