The United States presidential election was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, with Donald Trump emerging victorious. Ahead of his inauguration on January 20, various reports have surfaced regarding the policies of the incoming Trump administration, and those policy directions have been a key topic of debates held in Washington, D.C. Based on information gathered locally and various reports, this report provides an overview of the possible direction of transportation and tourism policies under the new administration, while also touching on the outlook for Japan-U.S. relations. < Back Tourism & More January 2025 The Direction of Transportation and Tourism Policies under the Incoming Trump Administration (Trump 2.0) By Kazuya Fukuhara The United States presidential election was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, with Donald Trump emerging victorious. Ahead of his inauguration on January 20, various reports have surfaced regarding the policies of the incoming Trump administration, and those policy directions have been a key topic of debates held in Washington, D.C. Based on information gathered locally and various reports, this report provides an overview of the possible direction of transportation and tourism policies under the new administration, while also touching on the outlook for Japan-U.S. relations. Download the Report

From November 2023 to February 2024, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Department of Transportation (DOT) Volpe Center (a transportation research institute in Massachusetts under the DOT), in cooperation with the DOT Office of the Under Secretary for Policy, jointly hosted a 7-session online event series on Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) titled “Up, Up, and Away: Innovations in Advanced Air Mobility.” This online event involved panel discussions by government officials and industry leaders with a specific AAM-related theme for each session; a final report of the sessions was compiled in April 2024. This paper will provide an overview of the key points from each of the seven sessions. < Back Civil Aviation August 2024 U.S. Policy Trends on Advanced Air Mobility: Part 2 By Shinichiro Tsuri From November 2023 to February 2024, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Department of Transportation (DOT) Volpe Center (a transportation research institute in Massachusetts under the DOT), in cooperation with the DOT Office of the Under Secretary for Policy, jointly hosted a 7-session online event series on Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) titled “Up, Up, and Away: Innovations in Advanced Air Mobility.” This online event involved panel discussions by government officials and industry leaders with a specific AAM-related theme for each session; a final report of the sessions was compiled in April 2024. This paper will provide an overview of the key points from each of the seven sessions. Download the Report

A Private Workspace in Train Stations A Private Workspace in Train Stations  by Akito Okabe Introduction Do you know what these strange boxes are that have been popping up across train stations in Japan? Image Source: Tokyo Metro Co.,Ltd They are private workspaces made for one person and are used for various situations, such as when you have spare time while going out and about, or when you need to hold a quick web conference. These workspaces can also be used not only for work, but also for reading, studying, etc. This article introduces a unique approach to manage privacy needs in Japan, where these facilities inside stations have become well developed. Background: Diversification of Work Styles Japan is facing a "decline in the working-age population due to the falling birth rate and aging population" and greater "workforce need diversification, such as balancing work with childcare and nursing care.1” In order to solve these problems, Japan has been striving to create a society where people can choose various ways to work so that each individual can have a better vision of his or her future.1 Against this backdrop, telework, a flexible work style that is not restricted by location, has been gaining attention as a part of corporate work style reforms. In addition, in recent years, the spread of coronavirus infections has restricted people's mobility and discouraged them from coming to the office, resulting in a rapid acceleration of telework. On the other hand, there are challenges in promoting telework. In particular, in Japan, unlike in the U.S., due to the small size of houses, many disincentives are cited, such as the lack of dedicated workspaces, and the inability to concentrate due to the close proximity of family members. In addition, although it is not impossible to work in cafes, there are still inconveniences such as the lack of available seats, inability to concentrate due to noise, and inability to do highly confidential work within view of others. Companies in various industries are devising ways to solve these problems. While private workspace set-up in train stations are described in this article, there are many other initiatives being launched by companies, such as hotels and karaoke bars offering plans for telework stays. Overview of Private Workspaces In Japan, train stations are not just a place to catch a train or make a connection, but also a place where you can do many things, such as going to eating and drinking establishments, pharmacies, convenience stores, and many other commercial facilities. Private workspaces　are also a unique feature of Japan's well-developed stations, and several companies are currently producing them. CocoDesk is one such workspace, and is a joint project between Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. and FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp. The installation of CocoDesk booths started in February 2020 and are currently underway mainly in subway stations. They are 51 inches wide, 39 inches deep, and 83 inches high, making them large enough to be used comfortably. In addition, the room is equipped with power outlets and Wi-Fi for mobile devices, and the temperature can be adjusted by the air conditioner, so you can make phone calls or prepare documents without worrying about your surroundings. Moreover, a ventilation fan is in place along with all items covered with an antibacterial coating, so even if you are wary of the coronavirus, you can use it having peace of mind. The service hours are from 7:00 to 22:00, and the fee is approximately 2.50 USD per 15 minutes, so users can freely choose the time of use according to their purposes. The above figure is reprinted and translated from the FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp website. Conclusion Post-pandemic, teleworking is expected to take root to a certain extent, and I believe it is important for the government and companies to continue to work together to create an environment that facilitates teleworking. Tokyo Metro has announced that it will continue to install CocoDesk booths in stations and will consider various initiatives to make stations more convenient and comfortable to use as a part of business and daily life in order to more closely match customers' various ways of working.2 Why don't you experience this unique service when you visit Japan? ※CocoDesk is a registered trademark or trademark of FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp. References 1.Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare website https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000148322.html 2. Tokyo Metro Co.,Ltd. press release https://www.tokyometro.jp/news/2021/210791.html Image Sources 1. Tokyo Metro Co.,Ltd 2. FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp Back to All JITTI Journals September 2021 Feature Article

The International Airports Council (ACI), an international industry group representing airports around the world, has recently announced a long-term policy to reduce carbon emissions in the airport industry. They set a specific decarbonization target and published it together with a research report that analyzed its feasibility. This report provides an overview of those decarbonization goals and action steps. < Back Civil Aviation Setting Long-term Decarbonization Goals in the Airport Industry By Daisuke Takagi The International Airports Council (ACI), an international industry group representing airports around the world, has recently announced a long-term policy to reduce carbon emissions in the airport industry. They set a specific decarbonization target and published it together with a research report that analyzed its feasibility. This report provides an overview of those decarbonization goals and action steps. Download the Report

JITI 2015 Railway Seminar The Co-Development of Urban Railroads and Infrastructure March 4, 2015 The Willard InterContinental Washington 1401 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. Urban railroad is an important element of infrastructure that supports both commuting and recreation, providing a vital link both within and among metropolitan areas. For this reason, developing new railroad systems has a great deal of influence on communities’ economic vitality and employment. Efforts to reduce Americans’ reliance on cars in the interest of environmental protection and mitigation of traffic congestion have included projects such as Washington, D.C.’s own newly opened Silver Line metro. Given its high profile and ambitious scale, the Silver Line has drawn public attention to the potential of railroads in urban areas. Urban railroads change their surroundings simply by virtue of existing. Having accessible rail transport drives up population and land value along rail lines, and communities that gain railroads often see commuting and housing patterns change as well. Japan has substantial experience in this area. Rather than focusing entirely on building rail links between existing communities or waiting for a rail line to be built before embarking on development projects, developers in Japan have treated railway lines and the developments alongside them as a package. This approach addresses the improvement of population and land values together with the development of the line itself. With an eye toward this approach, JITI has invited experts from Japan, the U.S., and Europe. In addition to presenting their methods for development of rail lines (regarding implementation, funding strategies, etc.), they will discuss what is required to make sustainable railroad developments along with developments of urban infrastructure along rail lines in the United States. Opening Remarks Makoto Washizu President , JITI, USA Bio Keynote Speeches Shyam Kannan Managing Director of Planning, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) Bio Presentation Tomoo Kimura General Manager of Business Strategy Division, Tokyu Corporation Bio Presentation Per Als Chief Transport Executive, Finance Department, Copenhagen City Bio Presentation Michael Allegra President and CEO, Utah Transit Authority Bio Presentation Kenji Irie Senior Managing Director, Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. Bio Presentation Panel Discussion Arthur L. Guzzetti (moderator) Vice President - Policy, American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Bio

Coordinating between three municipalities and private/public transportation organizations poses a challenge, but the greater Washington, D.C. area is making strides in allowing for data sharing, open access, and cooperation between urban transport and city planning. < Back Surface Transportation Mobility on Demand Trends in the United States ~A Case Study of Washington, D.C., Part 3~ By Daisuke Miyamoto Coordinating between three municipalities and private/public transportation organizations poses a challenge, but the greater Washington, D.C. area is making strides in allowing for data sharing, open access, and cooperation between urban transport and city planning. Download the Report

JITTI Journal Cultural Article September 2021 Back to All JITTI Journals September 2021 Cultural Article Shogi- Japanese Chess by Yoshihiro Fujimaki 1. Introduction Shogi is a traditional Japanese board game that looks like chess. Because it is a one-on-one, zero-sum, and perfect information game, there is no factor of luck in winning or losing. Both shogi and chess are considered to have originated from a board game called Chaturanga from ancient India. In the beginning of 17th century, the Edo Shogunate, which ruled Japan, officially endorsed shogi, and the current style of shogi remained thereafter. The image above depicts the initial setup of the game.  2. A Unique Feature One unique feature of shogi is that the player can reuse a piece as his own after he captures it from the opponent’s forces. This point is completely different from chess, in which the player cannot reuse a captured piece. This feature of shogi allows for the total number of pieces to remain the same, which keeps the number of available moves for pieces high, and a match may be reversed even in its final stage. The image above depicts what a board may look like mid-game.  3. Professional Players and Tournaments Although shogi has approximately 6 - 10 million amateur players in Japan, there are only about 170 professional players. Those professional players belong to the Japan Shogi Association, which was established in 1924, and participate in several tournaments. Available total time to consider the next move of a piece varies by each tournament; the shortest case is 15 mins (then players must move a piece in 30 seconds) and the longest case is 9 hours (then players must move a piece in 60 seconds). This is another unique point of shogi, in which certain matches end in an hour but other matches are held over two days with appropriate rest times. The Tokyo Headquarters of the Japan Shogi Association 4. Live Broadcast of Professional Shogi Matches Some professional shogi matches are live-broadcasted and can be watched from overseas. These live broadcasts are accompanied by commentary from other professional players, and have some viewers called MIRU-SHO (watching only shogi fans), who rarely play shogi games. They are new kind of shogi fan, and they’re also interested in the meals which professional players eat for lunch or dinner (SHOGI-MESHI). This curry udon is one example of shogi-meshi. The Hosojima-ya noodle restaurant, where this was ordered, is located near the Japan Shogi Association's Tokyo HQ. Professional players often order their meals from this restaurant for delivery to the Tokyo HQ.  5. Shogi Mating Problems Solving or creating shogi mating problems (TUME-SHOGI) is another way to enjoy shogi. Shogi mating problems are just puzzles that are the same as chess problems, so an opponent is not necessary, and anyone can attempt to solve problems at a difficulty level that matches their abilities. I like shogi mating problems and have provided you one example that I created myself. Can you solve this shogi mating problem, which imitates the shape of a star? The puzzle's solution will be listed at the bottom of the article. (Hint: You can mate in 5 moves!) 6. Conclusion There are several ways to enjoy shogi, including playing shogi games, watching professional shogi matches, solving or creating shogi mating problems, and so on. If you have played chess, you can easily understand the rules of shogi and will recognize shogi’s depth. I believe that shogi is a useful tool to communicate with Japanese people because most Japanese men at least know its rules. Puzzle Solution: 1. G*52（５二金） 2. Kx52（同玉） 3. S44-53+（５三銀右成） 4. K-41（４一玉） 5. S*42（４二銀）

JITTI Journal Cultural Article January 2020 Back to All JITTI Journals January 2020 Cultural Article Osechi: A New Year Tradition by Shuntaro Okimoto Happy New Year! This time, I would like to introduce the dishes that are eaten during the New Year holiday in Japan. Many people in Japan take about a week off of work or school for the New Year holiday. They travel to spend New Year's Eve, January 1st, and the following days with family and relatives living far away. As a result, traffic between urban areas such as Tokyo and the countryside is congested. Whether journeying on highways, high-speed rail, or at airports, this is the busiest time of year. I think it's like Christmas or Thanksgiving in the USA. When families and relatives gather, we eat some traditional foods to mark the season. The most typical Japanese traditional dish for the New Year holiday is “Osechi.” Osechi is a dish in which many types of food are packed in square boxes of lacquer ware. Have you ever seen a Japanese lunch box, called “Bento?” It's like a luxury version of that. In the past, Osechi was exclusively homemade, but now some people buy it at the deli. These lacquer boxes are stacked with traditional food inside. Unlike Bento boxes, these are only used during special occasions, such as for Osechi. Osechi has three features. The first is that many of the foods inside are very seasoned and especially sweet. It is said that this is because in Japan seasonings, especially sugar, were precious, and people used them extravagantly only during the New Year. The second feature is that the amount of food packed inside is large as a whole. If you see the quantity of food, you may think: Can we eat so much? Don't worry about that. Many of the foods in the box can be eaten for several days. Osechi is made with foods that have a long shelf life, so that everyone in the family can rest without cooking during the New Year holiday. The third is that the foods packed in Osechi are filled with wishes. For example, we eat caramelized shrimps, with the hope that we live long lives to the point where our backs bend like shrimp. We also eat stewed vegetables, with the hope that our families will always be together. This is a picture of typical food served in Osechi- such as the stewed vegetables on the right and shrimp on the left. Each item is carefully placed to be aesthetically pleasing. Osechi is a dish that even Japanese people only eat during the New Year holiday. So, even if you go to Japan, you likely can't eat it at Japanese restaurants. If you have the opportunity to go to Japan during the New Year holidays, you may be able to eat it in a limited number of restaurants or buy it at some delis. I want you to try traditional Japanese cuisine. I think you'll be surprised at how beautiful it looks and how delicious it is.

JITTI Journal March 2023 Back to All JITTI Journals March 2023 Feature Article The Latest Trends in Japan's Railroad Business: Management Strategies to Strengthen the "De-rail" Business By Akito Okabe Introduction Japan's railroad business is currently undergoing a major transition. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has calmed down and railroad operators are making steady progress in recovering their business performance, the trend of teleworking remains unchanged and ridership has not returned to pre-pandemic levels. The rail ridership in Japan is generally at 70-80% of its pre-pandemic level, with a particularly sharp decline in commuter pass users. In addition, the future outlook is that ridership is not expected to return to its pre-pandemic level, and an aging and declining population is also expected. Under these circumstances, many railroad companies are struggling to establish a new revenue base by strengthening their non-railway businesses, and this article will introduce some initiatives thatJapanese railroad companies are currently doing. Real Estate Business Japanese railroad companies and the real estate business have had a close relationship since before the pandemic. Many railroad companies have built hotels, apartments, office buildings, and shopping centers near their lines to generate revenue. By increasing the attractiveness of towns through development along their lines, they also aim to increase the population along their lines and increase their rail ridership in the future. Tokyu, a leading company in the real estate business, is further accelerating its efforts after the pandemic. It has identified "Shibuya," its development hub, as its biggest growth strategy, and plans to invest a cumulative 450 billion yen (about $3.2 billion USD) in real estate-related activities by 2030. (This amount is approximately three times this year's EBITDA.) JR East, Japan's largest railroad company, also plans to focus on redeveloping the area around Takanawa Gateway Station, which opened in 2020. It plans to build a luxury hotel, offices, and one of the largest halls in Tokyo on the former railcar depot site, and expects the total project cost to be approximately 58 billion yen (about $4.2 billion USD). Image of the station area after redevelopment (Image Source: https://tokyoyard.com/ ) New Business In addition to the real estate business, a number of unique new businesses are being considered, which we would like to introduce below. Tokyo Metro Tokyo Metro, which operates subways in the Tokyo area, has opened a training gym for "e-sports" video game competitions in 2021, utilizing vacant buildings near its lines. (Co-operated with startup Gecipe ※1 ). In addition to monthly memberships to use the gym store, the company offers an optional service that allows users to take lessons from professional e-sports players in the store or online. The concept of the gym is "a bright and healthy e-sports facility that is easy for anyone to enter," and the company aims to "create a world where anyone can seriously enjoy e-sports at any time.” Image of Interior view of training gym (Image Source: https://esportsgym.tokyo/register-lp ) Tokyo Metro is also developing other new businesses, such as yoga classes with bouldering and robot programming classes. Osaka Metro Osaka Metro, which operates subways mainly in Osaka Prefecture, plans to launch a matching service in the spring of 2023 to connect land owners with businesses that wish to open food trucks (mobile vending vehicles for food and beverages). Under this service, Osaka Metro will act as an intermediary, receiving a fee from food and beverage operators for opening stalls and paying rent to landowners. In addition to the brokerage service, Osaka Metro plans to open food trucks under its direct management. Food trucks (Image Source: https://subway.osakametro.co.jp/news/news_release/20210930_foodtruck_kakudai.php ) 　By the end of FY2023, the company aims to enter the healthcare service business, which supports the health improvement of railroad users through a proprietary app. Conclusion As JR East President Fukasawa stated, "We need to stand on the premise that the number of rail ridership will not return to pre-pandemic levels.", and the business environment is expected to remain severe for railway companies. Given this situation, Japanese railroad operators are aiming to diversify their revenue sources through real estate and unique new businesses, and this trend is expected to continue. We will monitor this trend closely, as the initiatives of railroad companies focusing on businesses other than the railroad itself are unique to Japan and could serve as a useful reference for other countries. References ※1 https://gecipe.co.jp/

JITTI Journal September 2021 Back to All JITTI Journals September 2021 Feature Article A Private Workspace in Train Stations  by Akito Okabe Introduction Do you know what these strange boxes are that have been popping up across train stations in Japan? Image Source: Tokyo Metro Co.,Ltd They are private workspaces made for one person and are used for various situations, such as when you have spare time while going out and about, or when you need to hold a quick web conference. These workspaces can also be used not only for work, but also for reading, studying, etc. This article introduces a unique approach to manage privacy needs in Japan, where these facilities inside stations have become well developed. Background: Diversification of Work Styles Japan is facing a "decline in the working-age population due to the falling birth rate and aging population" and greater "workforce need diversification, such as balancing work with childcare and nursing care.1” In order to solve these problems, Japan has been striving to create a society where people can choose various ways to work so that each individual can have a better vision of his or her future.1 Against this backdrop, telework, a flexible work style that is not restricted by location, has been gaining attention as a part of corporate work style reforms. In addition, in recent years, the spread of coronavirus infections has restricted people's mobility and discouraged them from coming to the office, resulting in a rapid acceleration of telework. On the other hand, there are challenges in promoting telework. In particular, in Japan, unlike in the U.S., due to the small size of houses, many disincentives are cited, such as the lack of dedicated workspaces, and the inability to concentrate due to the close proximity of family members. In addition, although it is not impossible to work in cafes, there are still inconveniences such as the lack of available seats, inability to concentrate due to noise, and inability to do highly confidential work within view of others. Companies in various industries are devising ways to solve these problems. While private workspace set-up in train stations are described in this article, there are many other initiatives being launched by companies, such as hotels and karaoke bars offering plans for telework stays. Overview of Private Workspaces In Japan, train stations are not just a place to catch a train or make a connection, but also a place where you can do many things, such as going to eating and drinking establishments, pharmacies, convenience stores, and many other commercial facilities. Private workspaces　are also a unique feature of Japan's well-developed stations, and several companies are currently producing them. CocoDesk is one such workspace, and is a joint project between Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. and FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp. The installation of CocoDesk booths started in February 2020 and are currently underway mainly in subway stations. They are 51 inches wide, 39 inches deep, and 83 inches high, making them large enough to be used comfortably. In addition, the room is equipped with power outlets and Wi-Fi for mobile devices, and the temperature can be adjusted by the air conditioner, so you can make phone calls or prepare documents without worrying about your surroundings. Moreover, a ventilation fan is in place along with all items covered with an antibacterial coating, so even if you are wary of the coronavirus, you can use it having peace of mind. The service hours are from 7:00 to 22:00, and the fee is approximately 2.50 USD per 15 minutes, so users can freely choose the time of use according to their purposes. The above figure is reprinted and translated from the FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp website. Conclusion Post-pandemic, teleworking is expected to take root to a certain extent, and I believe it is important for the government and companies to continue to work together to create an environment that facilitates teleworking. Tokyo Metro has announced that it will continue to install CocoDesk booths in stations and will consider various initiatives to make stations more convenient and comfortable to use as a part of business and daily life in order to more closely match customers' various ways of working.2 Why don't you experience this unique service when you visit Japan? ※CocoDesk is a registered trademark or trademark of FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp. References 1.Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare website https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000148322.html 2. Tokyo Metro Co.,Ltd. press release https://www.tokyometro.jp/news/2021/210791.html Image Sources 1. Tokyo Metro Co.,Ltd 2. FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp

JITTI Journal September 2018 Back to All JITTI Journals September 2018 Feature Article Strengthening Aviation Safety through SSP by Hiroki Sakamoto Ensuring safety is a central and fundamental issue in the civil aviation sector. While passenger deaths aboard specific Japanese air carriers have not occurred since 1986, efforts are being made to reinforce the safety management system adopted by airline companies and preventive safety measures are being promoted to appropriately deal with safety-related issues. For example, preliminary reviews are done upon the launch or expansion of domestic airline companies and strict (including unannounced) and systematic on-site safety inspections are properly conducted. Also, due to the increase of foreign airlines following the promotion of the open sky policy, monitoring of foreign airlines entering Japan has been strengthened with on-site safety inspections and other measures. Since April 2014, the Civil Aviation Bureau of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan (or JCAB) has been implementing the "State Safety Program (SSP)", as the basic principle of aviation safety policy. It sets forth targets for civil aviation safety and measures to be taken for their attainment, in accordance with the Annex 19 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The fundamental structure of SSP is a clear division between Regulator (R) and Provider (P: such as airline companies, airport operators and air traffic control), with the Regulator (R) providing and enforcing safety oversight of the Provider (P). (Figure) Structure of the State Safety Program (SSP) In FY2015, JCAB formulated "Medium-term policies for the administration of aviation safety," which outlines the policies and measures for the next five years. In FY2016, direction for further safety measures related to small aircraft was added in light of the frequent occurrence of accidents involving private, small aircraft in recent years. SSP features three new measures: Safety Target, Voluntary Reporting System, and Analysis of Safety Information. 1) Safety Target In order to secure SSP as an effective tool to strengthen aviation safety, JCAB creates a "SSP implementation plan" every year. Regarding this plan, JCAB ① sets the safety target of the Japanese Government (once a year), ② implements specific policies to achieve the safety target with coordination between airline companies, airport operators and air traffic control, and ③ measures and evaluates the level of achievement of the safety target. 2) Voluntary Reporting System "The Voluntary Information Contributory to Enhancement of the Safety (VOICES) program" has been operating since July 2014 in order to collect more detailed near-miss information relating to aviation safety that is not subject to the mandatory reporting system, and to harness such information for safety improvements. Recommendations such as improving airport operations have been obtained through this program. While dissemination activities have been yielding results and more reports were issued in FY2016 than in the preceding year, attempts will be made to further use the system through continued work to highlight the importance of safety information. Efforts will also be made to improve safety by making use of obtained recommendations. 3) Analysis of Safety Information JCAB created three committees (airline companies, airport operators and air traffic control) comprised of scholars and experts. They hold meetings regularly to evaluate and analyze safety information from not only mandatory but also voluntary reporting system, compile and summarize information and publicize this information to share it. They are utilized to create preventative measures for both the Regulator (R) and Provider (P) in civil aviation. Strengthening safety measures is the top priority in the civil aviation sector. Continuous and effective efforts of both the Regulator (R) and Provider (P) through SSP are key in order to establish safe and secure air transport systems.

With the coronavirus greatly impacting the state of air travel, airlines have had to rapidly respond to the crisis by dually keeping in mind the safety and convenience of customers while also trying to preserve company profits. In this report, read about the reactions of the U.S.'s three largest airlines during the 2020 second quarter, when the effects of the pandemic first became fully apparent. < Back Civil Aviation Financial Results of U.S. Major Airlines from April to June 2020 By Daisuke Takagi With the coronavirus greatly impacting the state of air travel, airlines have had to rapidly respond to the crisis by dually keeping in mind the safety and convenience of customers while also trying to preserve company profits. In this report, read about the reactions of the U.S.'s three largest airlines during the 2020 second quarter, when the effects of the pandemic first became fully apparent. Download the Report