2019 International Civil Aviation Symposium in Tokyo “The Future of Civil Aviation in the Asia Pacific Region” Jointly Hosted by JTTRI and the Aviation Policy Research Association O rganized with JITTI USA Monday, November 18th, 2019 3:00 PM- 6:00 PM The University of Tokyo Ito International Research Center, Ito Hall 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Cooperation： Graduate School of Public Policy Sponsorship: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism (MLIT-Japan) Opening Remarks: 　Masafumi Shukuri　/　Chairman, Japan Transport and Tourism Research Institute (JTTRI) Honorable Guest Remarks： 　Kozo Fujita　/　Vice-Minister, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan 　Hugo Yon　/　Deputy Assistant Secretary, Transportation Affairs, U.S. Department of State Keynote Speeches： 　Jotaro Horiuchi　/　Assistant Vice-Minister for Int’l Aviation, Minister’s Secretariat, MLIT, Japan 　David Short　/　 Deputy Assistant Secretary for Aviation & Int’l Affairs, U. S. Department of Transportation 　Akihiko Tamura　/　President & CEO, Narita Int’l Airport Corp. Panel Discussion and Q&A Session Moderator： 　Hirotaka Yamauchi　/　President for Research, Japan Transport and Tourism Research Institute (JTTRI) Panelists： 　Shuichi Fujimura　/　Exe. VP, Int’l Affairs & Alliances, All Nippon Airways 　Tadao Nishio　/　Managing Exe. Officer, Corp. Strategy & Planning, Japan Airlines 　Robert Wirick　/　Managing Director,　Regulatory & Int’l Affiars,　American Airlines 　Heather Wingate　/　Senior VP for Gov’t Affiars, Delta Air Lines 　Stephen Morrissey　/　VP, Regulatory & Policy United Airlines 　Akihiko Tamura　/　President & CEO, Narita Int’l Airport Corp. Event Summary: Air passenger transport in the Asia Pacific region has been steadily growing and reached 1.6 billion passengers in 2018.　 Japan hopes to achieve even greater targets of 40 million foreign visitors in 2020 and 60 million in 2030, and is implementing policies such as reviewing the flight paths of Haneda Airport,developing a third runway in Narita Airport and promoting airport management privatization utilizing the Concessions Method. In addition, the Asia Pacific region has drastically changed owing to the enhancement of long-haul direct flights from the U.S. to Asian destinations, the construction of mega airports in Asian countries, and the rise of Low Cost Carriers. JTTRI is pleased to invite experts in international civil aviation to discuss the future vision and strategies of international civil aviation in the Asia Pacific region. Link to Event Page on JTTRI Website

JITI 2018 Airport Workshop Airport Redevelopment Using Public Private Partnerships February 1st, 2018 The Ritz-Carlton, Washington D.C. 1150 22nd St NW, Washington, DC The Trump administration’s 1 trillion-dollar infrastructure plan has brought much attention to how infrastructure projects will be carried out in the coming years. As anticipation for updating and fixing the outdated transportation infrastructure - including the nation’s airports - grows, many think that Public Private Partnerships (P3) could be the solution. Often capital improvement projects are challenging, given that most projects are costly, and the financial situation of the public sector tends to be constrained in capital to use in these projects. There have been cases of airport redevelopment using P3 in the U.S., in which the private sector plays a role in managing, operating and financing airport facilities. For example, the LaGuardia Airport Terminal B project in New York is a major private investment in America’s infrastructure. In Japan, airport governance reforms using P3 are being used to maximize operational efficiency under a unified strategy of airport management by introducing long term concession agreements. For example, Sendai Airport started private operation in 2016, and various airports are expected to have operations by their selected concessionaire, such as Fukuoka Airport, as well as 7 major airports in Hokkaido. For this workshop, JITI has invited experts of airport management from Japan and the U.S. to discuss the challenges and benefits of P3 in airport redevelopment, lessons learned, and important takeaways for applications on future airport infrastructure projects. Opening Remarks Makoto Washizu President JITI USA Bio Keynote Speeches Azuma Kato Senior Deputy Director, Airport Governance Reform Unit, Civil Aviation Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT), Japan Bio Presentation Robert Puentes President and CEO, Eno Center for Transportation Bio Presentation Lysa Scully Airport General Manager, LaGuardia Airport, The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Bio Panel Discussion and Q&A

JITI 2014 Intersections Series Mobility Innovation in the Sharing Economy February 5, 2014 The Brookings Institution, Saul/Zilkha room 1775 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. The potential changes from increased use of transportation services in the sharing economy include greater mobility for all, potential for change in urban lifestyles, and more efficient use of infrastructure. The development of mobile apps for ridesharing and carsharing has have led to a number of innovations in the availability of real-time transit and driving data, elevating awareness of mobility options, and the provision of transportation choices for individuals with access to fairly ubiquitous smartphone technology. These technologies enable those with such means to hail taxis, borrow cars, and better plan for transit or travel. A common undercurrent in the rise of these firms is a shift toward the needs of those who have demonstrated preferences toward urban lifestyles that are less dependent on cars, especially Millennials and Baby Boomers. Meeting this demand are firms that make it easier to navigate their communities and to avoid the capital-intensive costs of personal vehicle ownership. This change in ownership and reliance on vehicle-sharing or services approximating traditional taxi service could open up opportunities for more efficient use of current infrastructure, congestion mitigation, and air quality benefits. Although innovations in mobility could increase efficiency and convenience in the transportation sector, universal access and equity remain critical. Likewise, the safety of drivers, passengers, and the public at large will continue to figure prominently. This event will provide an opportunity to examine the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities presented by recent innovations in mobility. The JITI Intersections Series provides a platform for transportation experts across modes and industries to interact with fellow practitioners and policymakers. As a supplement to JITI’s signature seminars, this series will facilitate further opportunities for open dialogue and exchange of ideas to improve transportation outcomes. Keynote Speeches Joseph Kopser CEO, RideScout Adie Tomer Senior Research Associate and Associate Fellow, Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program Tom Fairchild Director, Mobility Lab

Legislation Amending the Japanese Civil Aeronautics Act to Implement Small UAS’s BVLOS Operations Over People Legislation Amending the Japanese Civil Aeronautics Act to Implement Small UAS’s BVLOS Operations Over People by Yoshihiro Fujimaki 1. Background and Overview The bill to amend the Japanese Civil Aeronautics Act, which will allow for a small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) to operate beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) over people, was submitted to the National Diet of Japan on March 9th, 2021. At present, in cases when someone in Japan would like to operate sUAS beyond visual line of sight, he/she must get individual approval for that operation. In addition, operations flown over people (third parties) are prohibited. On the other hand, in 2017, Japanese industries and the government collaboratively developed the “Roadmap for the Aerial Industrial Revolution,” which was intended to develop technology and improve the overall environment for safe utilization of sUAS. This roadmap has been revised each year, and in the latest version, the target date of implementing BVLOS operations over people was set for FY 2022 (by March 2023). Based on this roadmap, the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau (JCAB) of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) has been studying necessary regulatory changes for implementing such operations, and submitted the bill to amend the Japanese Civil Aeronautics Act to the Diet. This bill also aims to make the current regulatory framework more efficient. For these purposes, the bill includes two new regulatory content, a sUAS type certification / airworthiness certification and a sUAS pilot license. 2. sUAS Type Certification / Airworthiness Certification In the Japanese Aeronautics Act, manned aircraft and sUAS are clearly distinguished, and currently there is no regulation regarding type certification / airworthiness certification for sUAS. The bill will establish such certification. There will be two classes of the sUAS type certificate / airworthiness certificate: 1st class and 2nd class. For operations which will be flown over people (third parties), which are currently prohibited by the law, sUAS will be required to have a 1st class sUAS airworthiness certificate (and a 1st class sUAS pilot license). For operations which will not be flown over people, sUAS will still be able to be flown based on individual approval for each flight, and will not be required to have any class of airworthiness certificate. However, in the case that someone would like to perform a BVLOS operation that does not fly over people, he/she will not need to get individual approval IF the sUAS has either class of the sUAS airworthiness certificate AND the pilot has either class of the sUAS pilot license, which is described in next section. The relationship between sUAS type certification and sUAS airworthiness certification is the same as that for manned aircraft; a sUAS manufacturer will apply for a sUAS type certification for a type of sUAS, and once it is certified, sUAS airworthiness certification inspections that are typically needed for every sUAS will be partially or totally omitted for that type. The above figure is reprinted and translated from the interim report published by JCAB on March 8th, 2021 ( https://www.mlit.go.jp/policy/shingikai/kouku01_sg_000288.html ) 3. sUAS Pilot License In addition to sUAS type certification / airworthiness certification, currently there is no regulation regarding sUAS pilot licenses, and so the bill will establish two classes: 1st class and 2nd class. If a pilot plans to operate sUAS over people (third parties), a 1st class sUAS pilot license will be required. If he/she does not plan to operate sUAS over people, the sUAS pilot license will not be mandatory. However, as described in the previous section, in the case that someone would like to perform a BVLOS operation, but not over people, he/she will not need to get individual approval IF the sUAS has either class of the sUAS airworthiness certificate AND the pilot has either class of the sUAS pilot license. Also, the bill will approve private training organizations for sUAS pilots. Once a pilot has completed a course at an approved training organization, the test for the sUAS pilot license will be partially or totally omitted. In addition, he/she must take a course at an approved training organization every three years for license renewal. The above figure is reprinted and translated from the interim report published by JCAB on March 8th, 2021 ( https://www.mlit.go.jp/policy/shingikai/kouku01_sg_000288).html ) 4. Effects From Its Implementation In FY 2019 (from April 2019 to March 2020), the number of sUAS operation approval applications submitted was 48,364, and the breakdown of approvals is shown in the next figure. (Please note that one application may include several approval items.) Most approvals are related to night operations, BVLOS operations, operations near people or buildings, and operations in densely populated areas. For these operations, individual approval will not be necessary IF the sUAS has a sUAS airworthiness certificate AND the pilot has a sUAS pilot license. The above table details information from material that JCAB submitted to the council on Nov. 19, 2020 ( https://www.mlit.go.jp/policy/shingikai/kouku01_sg_000281.html ) On the other hand, some sUAS operations, such as those conducting around airports, flying above 150m altitude, transporting hazardous material, etc., will remain subject to individual approval. Operations by the sUAS which weigh over 25kg will also remain subject to individual approval. Back to All JITTI Journals March 2021 Feature Article

The first part of this report outlines the status of operating Unmanned Aircraft Systems Beyond Visual Line Of Sight in the United States and considerations for expanding such operations in the future. The second part of the report provides a summary of the 2022 FAA Drone Symposium, with speaker highlights that pertain to the aforementioned topic. < Back Civil Aviation Consideration Status for the Expansion of Unmanned Aircraft Systems BVLOS Operations and Participation Report from the 2022 FAA Drone Symposium By Yoshihiro Fujimaki The first part of this report outlines the status of operating Unmanned Aircraft Systems Beyond Visual Line Of Sight in the United States and considerations for expanding such operations in the future. The second part of the report provides a summary of the 2022 FAA Drone Symposium, with speaker highlights that pertain to the aforementioned topic. Download the Report

The U.S. and Japan Sailed Out on a New Stage of the Coast Guard Alliance < Back

The Japan Coast Guard’s New Challenge for Global Cooperation Among Coast Guard Agencies/ Functions < Back

JITTI Journal March 2022 Back to All JITTI Journals March 2022 Feature Article Initiatives to Relieve Congestion in Japan's Rail Industry by Akito Okabe Introduction  While railroads play an important role as a mode of transportation in Japan, urban rail congestion has long been a serious social problem. It may be surprising to learn that the average congestion rate for major Tokyo-area railroad sections in FY 2019 was 163%, with the most congested section reaching 199% 1) . The congestion rate is an index of congestion calculated by dividing the number of people transported by the transportation capacity 2) . As a guide of congestion rate Image Source: Association of Japanese Private Railways Although congestion rates have recently declined temporarily due to the pandemic, it continues to be an important issue against a backdrop of increased hygiene awareness and new ways of working through teleworking. For a long time, Japan has been trying to relieve congestion rates by shortening operating intervals, adding more tracks, and other large-scale construction projects. In recent years, Japan has also been focusing on new initiatives such as a "Train crowd measurement system" that utilizes digital technology. This article introduces some of the advanced efforts in the Japanese railroad to relieve congestion. Train Crowd Measurement System In the Tokyo area, the provision of congestion information on official apps and websites of railroad operators has been in full swing since around 2015. This article introduces Tokyo Metro's real-time ‘train crowd measurement system’ for each train car. Tokyo Metro has been distributing real-time congestion information for each train car on the 'Tokyo Metro my!' app since July 2021. According to Tokyo Metro, by distributing real-time congestion information for each train car, the system enables "safe and comfortable use" tailored to individual customers' needs, such as "which train car is relatively empty?" and "which station will be least crowded to board a train?" In addition, this service has been used by many customers, reaching approximately 50,000 times in the month and a half since its distribution began in July. It is very difficult to calculate congestion in real time, but by utilizing the ‘train crowd measurement system’ that uses a 'depth camera' to acquire depth information on in-train congestion, it is now possible to distribute real-time congestion and congestion forecast information regardless of car type, according to the company. The above figure is reprinted and translated from the Tokyo Metro Co.,Ltd. website. Off-Peak Point Service A service that rewards customers with points as an incentive for off-peak commuting is another initiative that Japanese railroad operators are focusing on to relieve congestion. JR East, Japan's largest railroad company, has launched a point service on weekday mornings as an initiative to support staggered commuting by SUICA 3) commuter pass holders. If you enter a station in the target area during a time period eligible for point redemption and then exit at a station in the target area, points are redeemed. Image Source: JR East An illustration of this is shown in the image above. For example, if the peak period is from 7:00 to 7:30 a.m., passengers can earn 15 reward points if they ride from 6:00 to 7:00 a.m. during the "early bird period" before the peak period. If they ride between 8:30 and 9:30 a.m. after the peak period, they will earn 20 reward points. The rewards can be recharged to IC cards and used as train tickets, or used for shopping at JR-operated commercial facilities. Currently, the program is being offered for a limited time from March 15, 2021 to March 31, 2022. Conclusion As in Japan, people in the U.S. are becoming more hygiene-conscious, and providing information on train congestion is a topic of great interest. In addition, since staggering morning and evening peak hours can also help railroad companies reduce the number of train cars and staffing required during peak hours, contributing to cost savings, we believe that efforts to promote off-peak use can be a useful reference for the U.S. railroad industry. Currently, the Japanese and U.S. railroad industries are facing a difficult situation due to the pandemic, but it is important to promote new approaches flexibly in accordance with changes in people's needs. References: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism website https://www.mlit.go.jp/report/press/tetsudo04_hh_000095.html Japan Private Railway Association website https://www.mintetsu.or.jp/knowledge/term/16370.html JR East's IC card can be used for trains, buses, shopping, etc. Image Sources: Association of Japanese Private Railways Tokyo Metro Co.,Ltd. JR East

Eno conducted an analysis of the international market for air travel for JITTI USA. This multi-part series details some of the most interesting facts and findings, and is instructive for thinking about how international air service has evolved over the past few decades. < Back Civil Aviation Trends in International Travel Part 4: Conclusion By Paul Lewis Eno conducted an analysis of the international market for air travel for JITTI USA. This multi-part series details some of the most interesting facts and findings, and is instructive for thinking about how international air service has evolved over the past few decades. Download the Report

In part 2 of his report on MOD in New York City, Mr. Miyamoto reveals the various ways that MOD has been incorporated to service the most in need of public transportation, including the addition of paratransit options and autonomous vehicles. In addition, data sharing and urban public planning plays a part as well in making NY more user friendly to travelers and commuters. < Back Surface Transportation Mobility on Demand Trends in the United States ~A Case Study of New York, Part 2~ By Daisuke Miyamoto In part 2 of his report on MOD in New York City, Mr. Miyamoto reveals the various ways that MOD has been incorporated to service the most in need of public transportation, including the addition of paratransit options and autonomous vehicles. In addition, data sharing and urban public planning plays a part as well in making NY more user friendly to travelers and commuters. Download the Report

JTTRI EVENTS More JTTRI Events JTTRI International Seminar with Thailand's Former Transport Minister Arkhom Current and Future Japan-Thailand Relations in the Transportation Field

JITI 2011 Air Cargo Transportation Seminar State of the Industry and Future Trends in Asia February 23, 2011 The Mayflower Renaissance Washington 1127 Connecticut Ave. NW Washington, DC Air cargo represents about 35% of world trade by value, underpins much of the global economy and is often a leading economic indicator. After a long period of stagnation, there are now signs of recovery. Yet even as business rebounds, the economy never returns quite the way it was, and industries must continually adjust to new business environments. Coming out of the recession, Asian economies have been growing rapidly, creating new opportunities for the air cargo industry. From a U.S. perspective, trans-Pacific air routes become more important as the historic U.S.-Japan Open Skies Agreement creates even more new possibilities. Considering these points, it is beneficial to examine developments in freight transportation around the world. We will look at how airlines are coping with increased competition and exploring new markets. JITI invited distinguished speakers to share information and insights on these topics and to discuss the future of the air cargo industry in Asia. Opening Remarks Makoto Washizu President JITI USA Bio Keynote Remarks John Byerly Former Deputy Assistant Secretary, U.S. State Department Bio Presentation Hirotaka Yamauchi Professor, Graduate School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University Bio Presentation Fariba Alamdari Vice President, Marketing and Value Analysis, Boeing Commercial Airplanes Bio Presentation Toshiaki Toyama Vice President, Cargo Marketing, All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. (ANA Cargo) Bio Presentation Bailey Leopard Senior Counsel, FedEx Express Bio Presentation Panel Discussion Kenneth Button (Moderator) Professor, School of Public policy, George Mason University Bio